Stones of Regret

Underneath the stones of regret peace is found
Though the tether is outstretched it is still bound
The weather grew punishing and so too his frown
But my love for him keeps circling around

And I try my hardest to stand
But this depression keeps showing its ugly hand
And I’m trying to fly but in his heart I just crash-land
And it breaks my heart I did it again

So with my broken will I isolate the curse
But without him I am ever growing worse
And if I could I would put time in reverse
Love would be the only tether we would traverse

I pushed away the only thing that ever mattered
And when he left my soul completely shattered
And now there’s nothing, not even a word
And his silence is the loudest sound I have ever heard

© Delia Ross. 2019


I never wanted to hurt you. I’m sorry.

Graveyard


This maze is full of tears where souls are mostly scarred
From dust til dawn they roam leaving sorrows for regard
Plastic and dead flowers cover most of the yard
Everywhere I turn a zombie roams this graveyard

The living dying are making final rounds
Somewhere in the distance, crying are the sounds
Sooner or later, death will come and visit the towns
Fear of the certain drag the feet with added pounds

Regrets are heavy lingering over this tomb
And forgiveness is on the tongue, I hope it visits soon
Time is of the essence and the Moon is filled with gloom
There’s a place for heaven, but it’s missing from this room

© Delia Ross. 2019

Words Like Bullets

Where do you go in the dark with my heart
Words fire from my tongue like a bullet from a gun
The damage inaccessible but already done

Where do you go with my broken dreams
Do you savor the sounds of the sorrow they bring
When it comes to being hollow who is the king

Where have you gone with my voice
Give me a list of the roads I should void
You left me in rage, my tongue had no choice

© Delia Ross. 2019

Never

Nothingness matters
Gravity in the darkest seed
Too many hers floating in his seas
Lick the hand where it bleeds
Watch the hate fill the need

His wrongs cancel any good
He’ll lie and tell you I misunderstood
Straight from the pits of Hell to a young girl’s neighborhood
He’s never known integrity anywhere he stood
I’ll never forgive him even if I could

© Delia Ross. 2019

Cowardice

Wrap it tight, wrap it snug
Insert love with every word
Never rushed, never slurred
Ensuring messages are always heard

Now take the love and cut in thirds
Put on blinds so eyes are blurred
Gift denial so minds are stirred
Undo connections and act absurd

Destroy the paths, silence preferred
Hide in the dark, act a coward
Give them doubt to march toward
Give them pain where love was stored

© Delia Ross. 2019

Necklace

It was like into a black hole my life was ejected
If pain had been running for presidency, it would have been elected
Now when I’m on my knee the pain feels more infected
Now when I think of you my heart feels more congested
Will you ever tell me why my heart was not accepted?
Will you take all my love and put it in a necklace?

© Delia Ross. 2019

“Where do I put the love?”

If

If words had weight
If wrongs had reasons
If wounds didn’t ache
If forgiveness had seasons

If goodbyes came with rainbows
If my love was chose
If only I was enough
If only he’d show up

If hands had healing
If tears had feelings
If life had meaning
If hearts were beating

If moments were real
If love were ideal
If lights were not blinding
If you would stop hiding

If galaxies were moving
If darkness stopped the blooming
If alibis were candy
If heartaches were brandy

© Delia Ross. 2019

If only I knew how to end this fucking heartache…

Come Back

Come back !!!! WEEKS TURN INTO MONTHS / MONTHS TURN INTO YEARS *falls over in despair*

Come back Come back to me I’ve been waiting here patiently [Repeat] I’ve been walking a thin white line Between love and hate I could use a lil company A lil kindness can go a long way Weeks turn into months Months turn into years Reaching the same conclusions Gathering up the fear Come back Come back to me I’ve been waiting here patiently [Repeat] I’ve been walking a thin white line Between love and hate I could use a little restraint A lil kindness can go a long way Weeks turn into months Months turn into years Reaching the same conclusions Gathering up the fear [Repeat x3] Come back Come back to me I’ve been waiting here patiently Come back Come back to me [Repeat]

Caught Between the Devil

Caught between the devil and the deep blue sea
Caught between dilemma and what you mean to me
Caught between a wrong and caught without my sight
Caught me with my mind when it wasn’t screwed on tight

Caught between the truth and having privacy
But none of these reasons grant you the right to see
Caught between an answer and caught beneath the light
Caught between the bygones and a hand that seems to bite

Caught between an angel and where a devil blew his horn
Caught between the towers falling in an endless mourn
Caught between a moral and caught between a fight
Caught between the will to not end my life tonight

© Delia Ross. 2019

I don’t know if I did that Devil phrase any justice but then I completely changed the rhyme scheme in the end but also many of the end words and then I couldn’t decide on whether to keep going or not… because feelings. And I know I could have carried on the rhyme scheme in the end but, rebel…

50 Word Short Story Poetry

Years passed on and he always wondered how she got on with her life
But one evening, word finally returned, she ended her life that night
When he asked of her body, her grave, they said it was the ocean
She was never recovered from the boat she jumped, “there wasn’t a note son…”

© Delia Ross. 2019

So, thank you so much for 25,000 visits to this here blog cuz it just surpassed 25K! Woah. I wanted to write a 50 word short story in poetry format and since it’s October or nearly Halloween, I went with a death/ horror theme. I wanted to see how much impact I could give a poem with as little information about the characters as possible. I wanted there to be a sense of doom but also a feeling of empathy and unresolved questions. Like, did it make you wonder what happened to them? Just like he wondered all those years what happened to her. Did he imagine she was better off without him? Did he wonder if she was happy all those years? Does it make you wonder who they were to each other? Did you feel sad or gutted for him receiving such tragic news? Did you feel empathy or loss for him? Could you feel the mood or “put yourself in his shoes”?

By the way, I didn’t count the “the”, “and”, or “a”.

Can you write a 50 word short story too? I challenge you to do so, and brownie points if you can pull it off in poetry format. It doesn’t have to be a Halloween or horror theme, but if you’re up for the double challenge? I’m sure these 50 word short story thingys exist but I just came up with the idea of doing one in poetry format and Halloween themed. If my little story moved you, hit that like button or drop me a comment. And definitely let me know if you do the challenge. 👻👻👻

Tower of Sorrow

I am stranded in a tower of sorrow and I think I might need saving –

from the curse of a broken heart –
and how he left me alone in the dark –
but even worse drove a metaphorical spear into my side –
ensuring that my spirit died –
ensuring heaven was denied

Put a moat around my tears and get this blackness out of here

I am at the tower of sadness
Every hour in this madness

© Delia Ross. 2019

Devils Sea

Voice is gone
Voice is gone

Sail has stalled
Voice has gone

Moon was wrong
Nights are long

He never called
No sight at dawn

Her heart is bald
He’ll just discard

Voice is gone
Nights are long

No him at dawn
He’ll never call

He’ll never call
Voice has gone

“Caught Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea”

If only I could be everything you need

© Delia Ross. 2019

Oceans of sadness
The end is all inside us
I made it through the night… again.

“Caught Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea” is a common phrase amongst sailors referring to a dilemma of sorts but lots of artists have covered it. It’s one of those things I wish I had written and I tossed it in after this was written so I can’t say that it inspired it. It just fit in. And thus I can share cuz you may not have heard of it. It wasn’t a prompt but maybe for you it will be. Now see, maybe I’m not so worthless after all…

Micropoetry

I sail through life on my own
It helps when feeling alone –
To remember we both see the same Moon
Then my loneliness fades to about a teaspoon

My loneliness clumps into bands of dark matter, my heart swelling like a balloon, my molecules ripping and stretching into oblivion, for her shadow is like dark energy, and selfish is the darkness she needs.

If not real, give me fake
Bleed me good, nest in my ache

How can I move on when my heart is where he is.

Untangle the worry
Braid the hope
Insert the key
Climb his rope

I know I’m not her and I know I’ll never be
It still makes me wonder if you ever think about me

The space between us
The distance to Venus
The orbits of loss
Our love was a near miss

I still feel the ripple
It hit me like triple
A vortex of riddle
But our love is simple

Her love comes with maggots
But still he’ll have it

He wants to own it all, without conquering
He doesn’t want me for himself, or anybody else
He doesn’t want me in the arms of another king
He wants to own my heart and not give me a thing

I don’t see how this plan is fair for me
You sit there feasting while I am starving

All the paths I take lead into a different darkness of you
And every skin you shed leaves a different kind of clue

Put on the blind, if you want to take the ride, he demanded
Into a field of doom, I glided

We are born into this world and given a number and if you’re lucky you’ll get a good mother

I’m sorry but life is just so tough and when it comes to love there isn’t enough

My love, my will is infinite
These roads were paved for the misfit
These hands were made to capture it
These feet march on and never quit
My soul for you is completely naked
Under your mirror I will submit
By your side I will commit
With your love I can exist

© Delia Ross. 2019

There’s more but I just can’t bear it…

CONFUSION FRONT AND CENTER

I placed it in the trash but he said it wasn’t broke
I put it on the shelf then he said it doesn’t work

I offered him a piece but he didn’t take my pie
Yet he doesn’t want me giving it to another guy

Anytime that I move forward there appears another gate
But if I turn around he’s flagging to go straight

I might have said some things that I never meant to say
But he will plead the fifth or look the other way

I tried to read the signs but they’re written in foreign
And even if they were it wouldn’t stop me from adoring

I really wish he liked me but he doesn’t think I’m witty
I don’t fall on the list of girls that he finds pretty

I listened to his reason but it’s confusion front-and-center
And when I said I loved him the season turned to winter

I stumble through the weather like I am a zombie
And watching me break must be his favorite hobby

© Delia Ross. 2019

Orpheus

Deeper deeper deeper, she said
Beware, there’s demons everywhere
In the underworld, keep your eyes ahead
Once you go, don’t look back, or I’m dead
And the pain will never stop circling
Your life will always be full of dread
Keep your eyes on the prize instead
Or Hades will keep me prisoner by his bed
Don’t look back, cuz you won’t find me there

© Delia Ross. 2019

I wrote this a while back but never thought it good enough to share…

Cold Front

I wear his absence like a blanket
And when it comes to understanding I fake it
And his cold front blowing in is just climate
And the winds that haunt this space are now quiet

The gentle summer rains now bring on the hail
And the path to her will lead to the place I fell
And the lakes of love are now frozen underneath my veil
And all the memories he left me were just a tall tale

The grounds are frozen solid where we used to roam
And the heart running wild was captured in his tome
And the girl without the love never found a home
And if summer will come again remains in the unknown

© Delia Ross. 2019

Feathers

Cold, dark orbits
Just a passenger to his need
Closed windows but still the wind is furious
And racing around every corner you bleed

Sealed off any exits
Like black tar and sticky
Removed any altering
Whores we are worshipping
Coffins as an offering
Death is evermore

Started as something, ended as something else
Destroy the bond, empty the shelf
You took it all, there’s nothing left

Wrong delusion
Precious lunatic
You found my fault line
Every fucking time

And from my pieces
You built a ship
Tested my innocence
Got another taste of it
And delicious is every bit
And I stretch out my finger
As you take another lick
Yummy are the ashes
And broken auras

Lesser are my views
Hearts in a crucifixion
What can you do
Wings of frustration
A different sensation from abuse

Pull your back up friend
Here, I’ll give you a hand
Let’s go higher
I was godsend

Age of rejection
An angel weary and beaten
She collects her feathers
For a potion or a trophy

It doesn’t matter, I’m not well
Down here in hell
I’m saying sorry to the dead
While she collects feathers for her bed
The same bed he will tread

And I hate Earth
Or just my worth…

© Delia Ross. 2019

Exiled

Take my fears to the lands where they cannot hide
Take the lies to the clouds where I say goodbye
Keep my hope buried deep in his mountainside
Hide my love in the deserts where I cannot confide

Watch my tears grow longer than the Nile
And deep does it go my denial
My doubt standing erectile
Got my shadow in exile

Down here in this maze of lows
The number 0 is what he chose
I swim his river of woes
Like it’s the only direction I’ll ever know

© Delia Ross. 2019

Eyes Open

Taking the long journey alone
It was quite heavy lifting the stone
But alas it’s done and I’m on my own
And it’s so black, I have lost my home

Is this life or just a tomb
Is there no forgiveness for the things I do
Is there not a seat for me in this room
Is there any reason for the things I assume

Are my eyes open or are they closed
I thought I heard agreement so who opposed
Did the page turn or decompose
Why were the actual risk never disclosed

Is this pain based on reality
Why does it still hurt when I dream
Why do my eyes leak when I bleed
Why am I not anything they ever need

I know I’m not her and I never was
But if you’ll excuse me I need more gauze
It’s going to take a lot to cover the flaws
And every time I fall someone does applause

Every single hour I go through change
But when I turn around everything’s the same
I guess it’s not important to love the strange
And when it comes to me I don’t have a name

I still have love for him on the inside
I said I didn’t need him but I really lied
And there for a moment I felt alive
But it was just a trick of the night

Not even a demon could love this creature
My only goal was to make his life richer
But as it turns out I am just a creeper
And I’m not capable of giving him fever

Now I have this love and don’t know what to do
I thought I was a diamond or in his heart a jewel
I thought he was my knight, come to save me too
But when it comes to my life I had the wrong value

© Delia Ross. 2019

feeling too much

Connections

He stands on the shore with an expression on his face resembling shame

It’s as if, by looking at me, I have the power to make him clean

The blue in his eyes faded, at precisely the moment, I withdrew

The hour came down so heavy, the moment that he knew

He stands as if his arms are holding all the pain

Or a brace, for the fall, it is certain after all

For I’m on a ship he never seems to reign

And I’m watching him with eyes that never strain

Looking back though, I never meant to blame

I feel my face harden, my cheeks a rosey garden, my tears now offer pardon

Because you brought my life its value

And as the waves start to accrue, just like my love for you, no matter what you do, so with a sigh or two, I slowly come unglue, because I’m not exactly sure what to do

And my only thought is how I need you too…

© Delia Ross. 2019

Clot

There it was I thought
But then again maybe not
It is tangled in a knot
A wound without a clot

And yet bigger that it got
It smelled of death and rot
He said he knew but he forgot
And neither cared to clean the spot

And while the witch did stir the pot
Along she came a wretched trot
And with her pen she took a shot
And I seek naught the thing she brought

© Delia Ross. 2019

HE WANTS TO KNOW WHERE MY LOVE WENT *LAUGHS INSANELY*

There’s a hurricane headed to Florida and there’s a good chance I’ll lose Communications for a bit.

Darkness Falls

Chance was cast aside
Like a broken promise forgotten
Friendship lay there rotting
Like a dead carcass
With his lover circling like a buzzard
Her heart as cold as the Arctic
Black as night is her word
A circus queen for the heartless
I’ve not read a thing she muttered
Nor drank from which she harvest
They are black seeds of dread
Crimson pools of tears from where I bled
Laughter from the ones who never suffered
Jupiter knows the ways I cried

© Delia Ross. 2019

Fingertips

Fingertips on black ink
Hands and mind never in sync

Fingertips keep chasing blood
Again it might as well be mud

Fingertips as cold as ice
The pits of hell from where she writes

Fingertips don’t play that nice
She leaves a trail for where she cites

Fingertips could warm my face
Instead they spray my eyes with mace

Fingertips that own the place
But he was gone without a trace

Fingertips that write the lies
And only one who really tries

Fingertips could save the day
Instead they chose to walk away

Fingertips in black ink
Wishing you were here with me

Fingertips under her sheet
Wondering why it’s never me

If fingertips could only speak
What sort of words would they leak

This absence that you’ve given me
Leaves me feeling incomplete

© Delia Ross. 2019

A Raft Named Hello

I built a raft from my tears so my love could sail into your foreign skies
I etched a map with blood and stains made from all your lies
And drew upon her side HELLO but she’s better with goodbyes
But still my hand aptly wrote her name across her guise

And from my fears a wind took hold which carried off my back
And anchored in its belly are the cares from which you lack
And settled in the hull are all the nights that I lost track
Moments lost in time but they filled me with your black

There may come a time when it finally reaches you
A chance to recognize and understand its value
A moment to cherish what you never knew
But I already died from failure of rescue

© Delia Ross. 2019

Ghosting

The future without me you seem to be hunting

Or maybe inside you would rather be hurting

Maybe it’s just a hand and you’re bluffing

For numbers and games seem to cost you nothing

Everything you write keeps your “other friend” blurting

Everything you do her opinion is asserting

(And if I do the same you’ll hit the delete button)

My ghost that you seek will shortly be coming

© Delia Ross. 2019

Drowning

Do you know what it’s like to cut the cord on your dream?

Though it isn’t just a dream from sleep

But one from awakening

It is a lifeline to your fate

The weight of consequence
Feels like an ocean
As you’re sinking

There are moments you want to swim back up
Fleeting moments of reason
Caught in a net of fishing line

More struggle

No you have to sink deep
Feel the pressure in your chest
The anxiety, the agony, the sorrow

You want to take a deep breath
It would be your very last

Panic. Now regret. Doubt.

Peace will come again.

As soon as my pocket knife cuts this cord
And I race to ascend
The light my friend
A reasonable decision
Air in my lungs again
Pain lessening

You were dead weight.
An anchor in my soul.

I swim towards finality.

I’ve made it to the lighthouse.

You are a memory I drowned away.
And I nearly drowned with it.

You would have been the last thought on my mind.

As you were always on my mind.

Unrequited love.

A pain I hope to never know again.

As I crawl off the shores of a dream that died.

I am never looking back.

© Delia Ross. 2019

I’m So Scared

I’m so scared for that little girl
Who grew up abused in a broken world
By men who only ever used

Who never taught her love
Or how to be well
No one will care
Unless to get rid of

That little girl now five foot six
It matters not if love exists
For it has never reached her lips
Love serves only as a crucifix

Oh how I cry for her!
To her family a stranger
To the world a number
To death an anchor

I cannot save her though I tried
I must now stop being her guide
For I only seem to make her cry
And make her pain multiply

Oh how I hold her tight!
And squeeze with all my might
Her eyes blind from sight
Her body coiled from fright

She is a desperate, fragile thing
The gentleness of a morning spring
A seed in the dark in need of blooming
She is the breath of an angel singing

Oh how I know her aches!
I know her dreams and her mistakes
I know where her branches break
I know the thunder her cries make

Tiny frail hands always with blessings
Teaching others love was always the lessons
Helping others was always the message
But now it’s time to end the sessions

© Delia Ross. 2019

Seeds of Love

There is a tourniquet on her tongue
There is a swell in her heart where he stung
There are written words that remain unsung
There is a list of wrongs that they all hung

There is a trail of ash where lightning struck
There is a stem remaining from her petals he pluck
There is a girl with hope but never any luck
There is quicksand where her feet are stuck

There are rooms without any remorse
And days we seem to make it worse
Where life exists only in verse
They leak from pages and turn to curse

There is a small window where he may care
But you will never get to meet him there
He will pull the blind so they cannot stare
And wear a mask that says beware

There are stones to throw whether wrong or right
And reasons to keep them all up at night
There are teeth attached to mouths that bite
And mistakes so bright you won’t need a light

There are roads we build of the unknown
With caverns of secrets we will never own
And shame like ice we carve a home
Faces with frowns of moments blown

If you stop and take a look around
At your feet growing up from the ground
It grows so high now past your crown
This is where the seeds of love are found

© Delia Ross. 2019

Confliction

So much confliction

Fight or flight
Wrong or right
Light or night
Blind or sight
Retreat or height

Met every road with conviction

An angels plight
In battle for her knight
Where flames ignite
Love is written on the invite

The cure to my addiction
My heart in restriction
My actions in detention

The longer I’m without – the deeper I’m itching
The louder I shout, the harder I am reaching

But baby, ever since my eyes saw you I can’t stop twitching
Darling, maybe you could stick around and help with my affliction

© Delia Ross. 2019

Valentine

I reach out and find nothing
Dust from which we are running
A love that keeps us hurting
His words which keep me buzzing

The farther we part the bigger the holes
The darker it gets, the wider it goes
These walls are made of thick shadows
With permanent ink on my heart he stamped foreclose

Trails of my love exposed and leaking
Eyes stained with tears from gentle weeping
Ex lovers like the paparazzi keep creeping
So many hurdles keep him from leaping

If only he would leave me a sign
Cast a light so I can see it shine
Take my love and divide it by nine
Change the story and write a new line

Our love was born from the divine
It will keep growing on through time
No other lover will ever have mine
I will forever be his valentine

© Delia Ross. 2019

Fog

Here comes the dark
Creeping like a serpent
Like a thick, dark fog
It twists as a vine in my heart

She trades sex for love
He follows the current
Laps it like a dog
Ignoring my love above

She visits his dock
Sees behind the curtain
And I a slave or dove
Without a tongue to talk

Here, there, everywhere
She is lurking
Like a black smog
And I an angel without prayer

Eyes that burn with what it sees
Hands that never stop yearning
Tongues reciting the wrong epilogue
One soul left crying on her knees

© Delia Ross. 2019

Crystal Ball

My eyes with such vision they are a crystal ball
Things that I see leave me clawing up the hall

Revelations so heavy I’m breaking down my wall
Time always settles me but every time I fall

Try to pick myself up but instead I will crawl
Another day is gone without a hello or a call

I’m beginning to think I’ll never hear from him at all
And I guess I’m not as important as I once had thought

© Delia Ross. 2019

Debris

I got to where I never cry
I can feel the hours passing by
I keep the blinds closed from any sunshine
It doesn’t cost me a dime
To waste all my time
It feels like the wrong design
I still tell them all that I’m fine

Suffocate on all the energy
Surrounded by negativity
Completely numb without sensory
Nothings ever bothering me
Nothing to ever do, no one to see
Married to my invisibility
My soul a wasteland filled with debris

© Delia Ross. 2019


Netherworld

He’s coming down this road again
With offerings of despair
Wrapped in tears like acid rain
With prayers prayed in vain
Dragging love by a chain
His every action inhumane
His only prize is your pain
His only hope for you to disobey
So he can claim you another day
Purgatory is the way
He’ll keep you bound so you can’t stray
Fill you with doubt so you remain
Enclosed in darkness so you can’t escape
Never asleep but fully awake
Your soul weighed down from the ache
Your every step a mistake
It’ll wrap around you like a snake
Swallow you whole while you decay

© Delia Ross. 2019

Karma

There it was, labeled to me – I, the addressee
Trying on lovers because revenge tasted sweetly
Inserting the blade ever so neatly –
Ensuring the heart was severed completely

Burning through dreams like an oil field in the night
Running out of fuel and the zest for a life
Looking back but never having any foresight
Dancing in alleyways with nothing but a knife

I can lie and pretend I will live and die by you
One day, I’ll come to know those lies were never true
And now decades of mistakes when I should have just withdrew
That’s the trouble with searching for treasure when you haven’t any clue

© Delia Ross. 2019


Emotional Cargo

I wish I didn’t know what it is that I know
I’d stop myself from going down a path I never grow
Then I’d never sneer when I see an old photo
I’d never ever wonder who I’d be without the woe

I wish I didn’t know what it is that I know
I’d stop myself from packing all of this emotional cargo
I seem to carry it with me no matter where it is I go
I’d gladly give it to you but there’s no place left to stow

© Delia Ross. 2019

Heart Failure

All my plans haven’t gone away
They’ve really just been delayed

People they fret I can’t explain
They all just sort of strayed

It’s not my style to beg or plead
I sometimes require aid

They all want something from me
I have nothing for trade

Many years spent on this journey
Every direction came a grenade

You tell a different story
That isn’t the life that you portrayed

Why do you get all the glory
While I’m prisoner in this stockade

No need for you to hurry
My heart rotted and decayed

© Delia Ross. 2019

Love Is Always On

It’s the age of constant distraction
Beauty defined by plastic fashion
Such savagery over the next caption
Going to extremes to prove an action
Hate on the menu for us to ration
One kiss you’ll learn he fakes the passion
His love is always on automation
An impeccable liar, the best in the nation
A list of broken souls should be confirmation of his vocation
He’s never been out of rotation
I hope death will be his next vacation

© Delia Ross. 2019

Last Rites

I think I’ve lost my appetite
Please administrator my last rites
Say a prayer or improvise
Say it quick before I die
My breath has ceased, my chest is tight
Love feels like a parasite
My friend she broke to suicide
Now in no one I can confide
But in him I see the light
It feels alot like paradise
If I don’t cool down I might ignite!
It’s possible I might die tonight
Please administrator my last rites
I surrender, there’s no will to fight

© Delia Ross. 2019

Grant me a Pardon

I say goodbye for him
I climb mountains with a broken limb
Battered down and wounded still I can feel
Do all I can to fully disappear
I’ve got him on my mind all the time still
And he’ll never know I was even here –

Attending to his garden
Watching his heart harden
Wishing I were less of a burden
If only he’d grant me a pardon
Please speak to the warden
But he hates me I am certain

© Delia Ross. 2019